Analyses of Human Genetic Data to Identify Clinically Relevant Domains of Neuroligins.

Neuroligins (NLGNs) are postsynaptic adhesion molecules critical for neuronal development that are highly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we provide an overview of the literature on rare variants. In addition, we introduce a new approach to analyze human variation within genes to identify sensitive regions that have an increased frequency of ASD-associated variants to better understand NLGN function.

German centralization strategy during COVID-19: Continuing or interrupting a trend?

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries applied centralization strategies to the distribution of power between national government and regional/local governments over responsibility for regulatory tasks. As a result, health-policy decision-making competences were shifted from the regional level to the national level (vertical shift of decision-making competences). This centralization trend for the purpose of infection control is evident in Germany.

Efficacy of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic With a Needle-Shaped Surface Topography Versus Autograft in Instrumented Posterolateral Spinal Fusion.

Study Design: A multicenter randomized controlled noninferiority trial with intrapatient comparisons.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine noninferiority of a slowly resorbable biphasic calcium phosphate with submicron microporosity (BCP<μm, MagnetOs Granules) as an alternative for autograft in instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF).

Summary Of Background Data: Successful spinal fusion with a solid bone bridge between the vertebrae is traditionally achieved by grafting with autologous iliac bone.

Dielectric Behavior and Prolate Growth Patterns of Silicon Clusters Si with = 12-30 by Cryogenic Electric Beam Deflection.

We present a comprehensive investigation of the dielectric behavior and geometric structures of cold neutral Si clusters of intermediate size with = 12-30 atoms. For this, cryogenic electric beam deflection experiments were carried out for the first time for Si clusters at nozzle temperatures below 30 K. In combination with quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory and classical trajectory simulations of the rotational dynamics in the electric field, the geometric structures of the clusters are discriminated.

Radiologic Assessment of Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review on the Use, Reliability, and Accuracy of Current Fusion Criteria.

Background: Lumbar interbody fusion (IF) is a common procedure to fuse the anterior spine. However, a lack of consensus on image-based fusion assessment limits the validity and comparison of IF studies. This systematic review aims to (1) report on IF assessment strategies and definitions and (2) summarize available literature on the diagnostic reliability and accuracy of these assessments.