Clinical Reasoning: A 65-Year-Old Woman With Isolated Macroglossia as the Initial Presentation of a Rare Disease.

Macroglossia can be seen in multiple conditions, but its evaluation becomes more challenging when approached as an isolated presenting symptom. This is a case of a 65-year-old patient with isolated progressive tongue hypertrophy of unclear etiology for 5 years. We navigate the causes of macroglossia and discuss the clinical and diagnostic procedures that helped us narrow the differential diagnoses for our patient.

Protein lipidation in cancer: mechanisms, dysregulation and emerging drug targets.

Protein lipidation describes a diverse class of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that is regulated by over 40 enzymes, targeting more than 1,000 substrates at over 3,000 sites. Lipidated proteins include more than 150 oncoproteins, including mediators of cancer initiation, progression and immunity, receptor kinases, transcription factors, G protein-coupled receptors and extracellular signalling proteins. Lipidation regulates the physical interactions of its protein substrates with cell membranes, regulating protein signalling and trafficking, and has a key role in metabolism and immunity.

Fibrosis induced by resident macrophages has divergent roles in pancreas inflammatory injury and PDAC.

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are long-lived cells that maintain locally and can be phenotypically distinct from monocyte-derived macrophages. Whether TRMs and monocyte-derived macrophages have district roles under differing pathologies is not understood. Here, we showed that a substantial portion of the macrophages that accumulated during pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in mice had expanded from TRMs.