Safety and Effectiveness of 3 Novel All-Oral Shortened Regimens for Rifampicin- or Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kazakhstan.

Background: In 2019, the World Health Organization called for operational research on all-oral shortened regimens for multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). We report safety and effectiveness of three 9-month all-oral regimens containing bedaquiline (Bdq), linezolid (Lzd), and levofloxacin (Lfx) and reinforced with cycloserine (Cs) and clofazimine (Cfz), delamanid (Dlm) and pyrazinamide (Z), or Dlm and Cfz.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients initiating treatment for pulmonary MDR/RR-TB under operational research conditions at public health facilities in Kazakhstan.

Evaluating newly approved drugs in combination regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with fluoroquinolone resistance (endTB-Q): study protocol for a multi-country randomized controlled trial.

Background: Treatment for fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR TB) often lasts longer than treatment for less resistant strains, yields worse efficacy results, and causes substantial toxicity. The newer anti-tuberculosis drugs, bedaquiline and delamanid, and repurposed drugs clofazimine and linezolid, show great promise for combination in shorter, less-toxic, and effective regimens. To date, there has been no randomized, internally and concurrently controlled trial of a shorter, all-oral regimen comprising these newer and repurposed drugs sufficiently powered to produce results for pre-XDR TB patients.

Respiratory, Cardiac, and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Postacute Sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Lima, Peru.

Background: Few studies have examined the burden of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC) in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to characterize PASC with self-reported questionnaires and clinical examinations of end-organ function in Lima, Peru.

Methods: From January to July 2021, we recruited participants at least 8 weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis from a case registry in Lima, Peru.

Outcomes of WHO-conforming, longer, all-oral multidrug-resistant TB regimens and analysis implications.

Evidence of the effectiveness of the WHO-recommended design of longer individualized regimens for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) is limited. To report end-of-treatment outcomes for MDR/RR-TB patients from a 2015-2018 multi-country cohort that received a regimen consistent with current 2022 WHO updated recommendations and describe the complexities of comparing regimens. We analyzed a subset of participants from the endTB Observational Study who initiated a longer MDR/RR-TB regimen that was consistent with subsequent 2022 WHO guidance on regimen design for longer treatments.