Cognitive flexibility in autism: How task predictability and sex influence performances.

While cognitive flexibility challenges are frequently reported in autistic individuals, inconsistencies in the findings prompt further investigation into the factors influencing this flexibility. We suggest that unique aspects of the predictive brain in autistic individuals might contribute to these challenges, potentially varying by sex. Our study aimed to test these hypotheses by examining cognitive flexibility under different predictability conditions in a sample including a similar number of males and females.

Improved Clinical Outcomes During Long-term Osilodrostat Treatment of Cushing Disease With Normalization of Late-night Salivary Cortisol and Urinary Free Cortisol.

Purpose: To assess whether simultaneous normalization of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) and mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) in patients with Cushing disease treated with osilodrostat is associated with better clinical outcomes than control of mUFC or LNSC alone.

Methods: Pooled data from two phase III osilodrostat studies (LINC 3 and LINC 4) were analyzed. Both comprised a 48-week core phase and an optional open-label extension.

Predictors for quality of life improvement following rTMS treatment in neuropathic pain patients.

Objectives: Recently, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has gained attention for its potential in relieving neuropathic pain (NP). NP encompasses central and peripheral neuralgia, characterized by sensory abnormalities and spontaneous pain. Pharmacological treatments often provide partial relief with significant side effects, making rTMS an attractive alternative.

Involvement of Executive Functions in Idiom Comprehension: A Life-Span Perspective.

Objectives-Our aim is to investigate the executive functions involved in idiom comprehension. The understanding of idioms has largely been explored from a developmental perspective. However, little is known about the cognitive processes involved.

Number of children and risk of dementia: a cohort study.

Background: Findings on the link between the number of children and dementia risk are inconsistent, mostly studied in females, suggesting pregnancy-related changes may be a key factor in this association.

Methods: The Adult Changes in Thought Study is a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years from Kaiser Permanente Washington. The primary exposure was the number of children (0, 1, 2, 3 or ≥4), and the outcome was an incident dementia diagnosis.