Obesity-Related Metabolic Risk in Sedentary Hispanic Adolescent Girls with Normal BMI.

Hispanic adolescent girls with normal BMI frequently have high body fat %. Without knowledge of body fat content and distribution, their risk for metabolic complications is unknown. We measured metabolic risk indicators and abdominal fat distribution in post-pubertal Hispanic adolescent girls with Normal BMI (N-BMI: BMI < 85th percentile) and compared these indicators between girls with Normal BMI and High Fat content (N-BMI-HF: body fat ≥ 27%; = 15) and Normal BMI and Normal Fat content (N-BMI-NF: body fat < 27%; = 8).

Can metabolic function and physical fitness improve without weight loss for inactive, obese, Hispanic adolescents? A feasibility study.

Introduction: A case series that examines the effects of a 12-week combined resistance and aerobic training program for four sedentary obese, Hispanic adolescents without weight loss.

Subjects/methods: Baseline and post-intervention anthropometric, metabolic and physical fitness measures were obtained. Body composition, hepatic, visceral, and intramuscular fat contents were analyzed via imaging.

Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review.

Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to determine gluconeogenesis is by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from the body water pool into newly formed glucose. However, several techniques using radioactive and stable-labeled isotopes have been used to quantitate the contribution and regulation of gluconeogenesis in humans.

Precursors of hexoneogenesis within the human mammary gland.

The human mammary gland is capable of de novo synthesis of glucose and galactose (hexoneogenesis); however, the carbon source is incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of acetate, glutamine, lactate and glycerol as potential carbon sources for hexoneogenesis. Healthy breastfeeding women were studied following a 24-h fast on two occasions separated by 1-3 wk.

De novo synthesis of milk triglycerides in humans.

Unlabelled: Mammary gland (MG) de novo lipogenesis contributes significantly to milk fat in animals but little is known in humans.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the incorporation of (13)C carbons from [U-(13)C]glucose into fatty acids (FA) and glycerol in triglycerides (TG) will be greater: 1) in milk than plasma TG, 2) during a high-carbohydrate (H-CHO) diet than high-fat (H-FAT) diet, and 3) during feeding than fasting. Seven healthy, lactating women were studied on two isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets.