De-risking Pretreatment of Microalgae To Produce Fuels and Chemical Co-products.

Conversion of microalgae to renewable fuels and chemical co-products by pretreating and fractionation holds promise as an algal biorefinery concept, but a better understanding of the pretreatment performance as a function of algae strain and composition is necessary to de-risk algae conversion operations. Similarly, there are few examples of algae pretreatment at scales larger than the bench scale. This work aims to de-risk algal biorefinery operations by evaluating the pretreatment performance across nine different microalgae samples and five different pretreatment methods at small (5 mL) scale and further de-risk the operation by scaling pretreatment for one species to the 80 L scale.

Development and implementation of procedures for outpatient naloxone prescribing at a large academic medical center.

Purpose: An interprofessional initiative to operationalize outpatient naloxone prescribing at a large academic medical center is described.

Summary: The initiative was carried out by a work group of clinical pharmacists and pharmacy administrators in collaboration with physicians and nursing staff leaders from multiple practice settings. An opioid overdose risk-assessment guide was developed on the basis of literature review and expert opinion.

Expansion of inpatient clinical pharmacy services through reallocation of pharmacists.

Purpose: The redesign of an inpatient pharmacy practice model through reallocation of pharmacy resources in order to expand clinical services is described.

Methods: A pharmacy practice model change was implemented at a nonprofit academic medical center to meet the increasing demand for direct patient care services. In order to accomplish this change, the following steps were completed: reevaluation of daily tasks and responsibilities, reallocation of remaining tasks to the most appropriate pharmacy staff member, determination of the ideal number of positions needed to complete each task, and reorganization of the model into a collection of teams.

Why is sulfuric acid a much stronger acid than ethanol? Determination of the contributions by inductive/field effects and electron-delocalization effects.

Two different and complementary computational methods were used to determine the contributions by inductive/field effects and by electron-delocalization effects toward the enhancement of the gas-phase deprotonation enthalpy of sulfuric acid over ethanol. Our alkylogue extrapolation method employed density functional theory calculations to determine the deprotonation enthalpy of the alkylogues of sulfuric acid, HOSO2-(CH2CH2)n-OH, and of ethanol, CH3CH2-(CH2CH2)n-OH. The inductive/field effect imparted by the HOSO2 group for a given alkylogue of sulfuric acid was taken to be the difference in deprotonation enthalpy between corresponding (i.