OAS1: A Protective Mechanism for Alzheimer's Disease? An Exploration of Data and Possible Mechanisms.

The immune system and neuroinflammation are now well established in the aetiology of neurodegeneration. Previous studies of transcriptomic and gene association studies have highlighted the potential of the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) to play a role in Alzheimer's disease. OAS1 is a viral response gene, interferon-induced, dsRNA activated enzyme, which binds RNase L to degrade dsRNA, and has been associated with COVID-19 response.

The neuropathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive tauopathy causally linked to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Currently, there are no established clinical diagnostic criteria for CTE, making post-mortem neuropathological examination essential for diagnosis. The pathological hallmark of CTE is the presence of perivascular neuronal p-tau aggregates at cortical sulcal depths.

CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing a Neurointerventional Procedure.

In neurovascular settings, including treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke and prevention of thromboembolic complications after percutaneous neurointerventional procedures, dual antiplatelet therapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin is the standard of care. Clopidogrel remains the most commonly prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor for neurovascular indications. However, patients carrying CYP2C19 no-function alleles have diminished capacity for inhibition of platelet reactivity due to reduced formation of clopidogrel's active metabolite.

Australian Preferences for Prenatal Screening: A Discrete Choice Experiment Comparing Metropolitan and Rural/Regional Areas.

Background: Non-invasive prenatal testing has the potential to be a useful genetic screening tool in Australia. However, concerns have been raised about its cost, commercial provision, the psychological impacts of the screening process, and disparities in access experienced by rural and regional communities.

Aims: The aims of this study are (1) to estimate Australian preferences for features of prenatal screening; (2) to explore potential variations in preferences between metropolitan and rural/regional communities; (3) to estimate the extent to which respondents are willing to trade-off between attributes, using willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to wait estimates.

Water Heater Type, Temperature Setting, Operational Conditions, and Insulation Affect Ecological Niches for Growth.

Residential water heating represents an important nexus of energy/water conservation, waterborne disease, hygiene, and consumer preference. Here, we examine attributes of two off-the-shelf 151-L tank water heaters, one with hot water recirculation (recirculating) and another without recirculation (standard), compared to a tankless on-demand heater (on-demand). Energy efficiency decreased in the order on-demand > standard > continuous recirculation.