Investigating transmission patterns among preterm neonates during an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis related to Clostridium butyricum using whole-genome sequencing.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most severe life-threatening acquired gastrointestinal disorder among preterm neonates. We describe here an outbreak of Clostridium butyricum-related necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates that occurred in three different neonatal centres, in southeast France.

Methods: We defined a confirmed case of C.

Household and housing determinants of sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the COHESION Study.

Background: Public health measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic forced individuals to spend more time at home. We sought to investigate the relationship between housing characteristics and sleep duration in the context of COVID-19.

Methods: Our exploratory study was part of the COvid-19: Health and Social Inequities across Neighborhoods (COHESION) Study Phase-1, a pan-Canadian population-based cohort involving nearly 1300 participants, launched in May 2020.

"Outlaw" mutations in quasispecies of SARS-CoV-2 inhibit replication.

The evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the agent of COVID-19, has been remarkable for its high mutation potential, leading to the appearance of variants. Some mutations have never appeared in the published genomes, which represent consensus, or genomes. Here we tested the hypothesis that mutations that did not appear in consensus genomes were, in fact, as frequent as the mutations that appeared during the various epidemic episodes, but were not expressed because lethal.