Monitoring war destruction from space using machine learning.

Existing data on building destruction in conflict zones rely on eyewitness reports or manual detection, which makes it generally scarce, incomplete, and potentially biased. This lack of reliable data imposes severe limitations for media reporting, humanitarian relief efforts, human-rights monitoring, reconstruction initiatives, and academic studies of violent conflict. This article introduces an automated method of measuring destruction in high-resolution satellite images using deep-learning techniques combined with label augmentation and spatial and temporal smoothing, which exploit the underlying spatial and temporal structure of destruction.

Spatial variability in the speciation and bioaccumulation of mercury in an arid subtropical reservoir ecosystem.

Patterns of spatial variation of mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) were examined in sediments and muscle tissue of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from Amistad International Reservoir, a large and hydrologically complex subtropical water body in the Rio Grande drainage. The distributions of both Hg and MeHg were compared with environmental and biological factors known to influence production of MeHg. The highest concentrations of total Hg (THg) in sediment were found in the Rio Grande arm of the reservoir, whereas MeHg was highest at sites in the Devils River arm and inundated Pecos River (often more than 3.

Tissue specific resonance frequencies of water and metabolites within the human brain.

Chemical shift imaging (CSI) without water suppression was used to examine tissue-specific resonance frequencies of water and metabolites within the human brain. The aim was to verify if there are any regional differences in those frequencies and to determine the influence of chemical shift displacement in slice-selection direction. Unsuppressed spectra were acquired at 3T from nine subjects.

Cyclooxygenase-2 generates anti-inflammatory mediators from omega-3 fatty acids.

Electrophilic fatty acids are generated during inflammation by non-enzymatic reactions and can modulate inflammatory responses. We used a new mass spectrometry-based electrophile capture strategy to reveal the formation of electrophilic oxo-derivatives (EFOX) from the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). These EFOX were generated by a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed mechanism in activated macrophages.

Signaling actions of electrophiles: anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidates.

Over the past several years, research on biologically relevant electrophiles has been replete with new insights, expanding our understanding of the roles electrophiles play in vivo. Importantly, many electrophiles can form reversible covalent adducts with both proteins and small-molecule thiols in cells. This post-translational protein modification has important ramifications, including changes in protein enzymatic activity, the transduction of signals within and between cells, and alterations in gene expression.