Transfer RNA-derived fragment production in calves challenged with or co-infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and in several tissues and blood.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying immune response can allow informed decisions in drug or vaccine development, and aid in the identification of biomarkers to predict exposure or evaluate treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in calves challenged with () or co-infected with and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Serum, white blood cells (WBC), liver, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), tracheal-bronchial lymph node (TBLN), spleen, and thymus were collected from Control ( = 2), (MB;  = 3), and co-infected (Dual; = 3) animals, and small RNAs extracted for sequencing.

Complete hybrid genome assembly of serotype A2 strain D95 isolated from ovine lung.

is a major bacterial pathogen associated with broncho- and fibrinous pneumonia in ruminants. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an isolate of serotype A2 (D95) recovered from a pneumonic ovine lung. The D95 genome has a size of 2.

Implications of tRNA abundance on translation elongation across bovine tissues.

Translation is a crucial stage of gene expression. It may also act as an additional layer of regulation that plays an important role in gene expression and function. Highly expressed genes are believed to be codon-biased to support increased protein production, in which quickly translated codons correspond to highly abundant tRNAs.

Influence of Maternal BLV Infection on miRNA and tRF Expression in Calves.

Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRF), are known to be involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Research has provided evidence that small RNAs may influence immune development in calves. Bovine leukosis is a disease in cattle caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) that leads to increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens.