Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Platforms in Generating Post-Operative Instructions for Rhinologic Surgery.

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) platforms such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini have progressed at a rapid pace. To allow for optimal medical outcomes and patient safety, it is crucial that patients have clearly written post-operative instructions. Patients are increasingly turning to AI platforms for medical information.

Bibliometrics and National Institutes of Health Funding: Associated Factors in Academic Rhinology.

Our study aims to evaluate demographics and research productivity in academic rhinology and to establish the relationship between bibliometrics such as the Hirsch index (-index) and the more recently developed relative citation ratio (RCR) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding. Retrospective cohort study. The demographics of academic rhinologists were collected from institutional faculty profiles ( = 207).

Quantum channel learning.

The problem of an optimal mapping between Hilbert spaces IN and OUT, based on a series of density matrix mapping measurements ρ^{(l)}→ϱ^{(l)}, l=1⋯M, is formulated as an optimization problem maximizing the total fidelity F=∑_{l=1}^{M}ω^{(l)}F(ϱ^{(l)},∑_{s}B_{s}ρ^{(l)}B_{s}^{†}) subject to probability preservation constraints on Kraus operators B_{s}. For F(ϱ,σ) in the form that total fidelity can be represented as a quadratic form with superoperator F=∑_{s}〈B_{s}|S|B_{s}〉 (either exactly or as an approximation) an iterative algorithm is developed. The work introduces two important generalizations of unitary learning: (1) IN/OUT states are represented as density matrices; (2) the mapping itself is formulated as a mixed unitary quantum channel A^{OUT}=∑_{s}|w_{s}|^{2}U_{s}A^{IN}U_{s}^{†} (no general quantum channel yet).

Trends in Neurosurgeons Signing Medicare Opt-Out Affidavits.

Objective: In recent decades, many physicians have chosen to opt out of Medicare, allowing them to set their own pricing models for their patients. Characterization of Medicare opt-outs has yet to be thoroughly studied in neurosurgery. Our study aimed to characterize factors that may influence a neurosurgeon's decision to opt out of Medicare acceptance and contextualize factors both within the field and across various surgical specialties.

Heart rate dynamics for cognitive load estimation in a driving simulation task.

Cognitive load (CL) is one of the leading factors moderating states and performance among drivers. Heavily increased CL may contribute to the development of mental stress. Averaged heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices are shown to reflect CL levels in different tasks.