Pathology, organ distribution, and immune response after single and repeated intravenous injection of rats with clinical-grade parvovirus H1.

Parvovirus H1 (H1PV) is an autonomous parvovirus that is transmitted in rodent populations. Its natural host is rats. H1PV infection is nonpathogenic except in rat and hamster fetuses and newborns.

Structural and functional analysis of a nuclear localization signal in SOCS1.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) belongs to a family of genes involved in inducible feedback inhibition of janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) signaling pathway. Recently, we were able to show that SOCS1 surprisingly translocates to the nucleus due to the presence of a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS). However, the precise nature of the NLS remained ill-defined.

Identification of a nuclear localization signal in suppressor of cytokine signaling 1.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are inducible feedback inhibitors of janus kinase and signal transducer and activators of transcription signaling pathways. In addition, SOCS1 has been identified to regulate stability of nuclear NF-kappaB subunits. However, details about the regulation of the nuclear pool of SOCS1 are unknown.

Regulation of innate immunity by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins.

Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important for activation of innate immunity. Moreover, cytokines mediate communication of cells and are necessary to mount an appropriately regulated immune response.

Microbial immune evasion employing suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins.

Cytokines mediate communication between cells of the immune system and are of crucial importance to induce an appropriately regulated immune response to invading pathogens. Cytokine receptor signaling has to be tightly controlled to balance anti-microbial and tissue-destructive effects, both of which are inherently associated with cytokine-mediated inflammation. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins have been identified as intracellular, inducible feedback inhibitors which limit the signal magnitude of cytokines employing Janus kinase (Jak) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways.