Perturbations in reward-related decision-making induced by reduced prefrontal cortical GABA transmission: Relevance for psychiatric disorders.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for higher-order cognitive functions, including decision-making. In psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, prefrontal dysfunction co-occurs with pronounced alterations in decision-making ability. These alterations include a diminished ability to utilize probabilistic reinforcement in guiding future choice, and a reduced willingness to expend effort to receive reward.

[New radiodiagnostic methods from the aspects of the dental surgeon].

Based on data in the literature and their own experience the authors summarize eleven imaging systems using ionizing energy and fifteen non-X-ray techniques from the aspect of the dental surgeon. Perspective methods include CT, DSA, xeroradiography, electrography in addition to classical X-ray techniques incl. intervention radiodiagnosis.