Publications by authors named "A Kumaran"
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease where pain, driven by both inflammatory and non-inflammatory processes, is a major concern for patients. This pain can persist even after joint inflammation subsides. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone-DNA binding protein located in the nucleus that plays a key role in processes such as DNA transcription, recombination, and replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is a homodimeric enzyme that specifically targets cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), that mediates many downstream effects such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, and calcium homeostasis. Considering the functions of cGMP, inhibition of PDE5 has been established to have several therapeutic effects in disease conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, many PDE5 inhibitors were developed but with severe adverse effects such as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), priapism, etc.
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- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is being increasingly utilized for breast cancer treatment, and machine learning (ML) models are being tested to predict the likelihood of a pathologic complete response (pCR) based on clinical features of patients.
- In a study involving 499 breast cancer patients from two Singapore hospitals, various ML models were trained and evaluated, utilizing methods for addressing missing data, with the random forest model showing the highest predictive accuracy and calibration.
- Key predictors for achieving pCR included estrogen receptor intensity, HER2 intensity, and age at diagnosis, while better handling of missing data led to improved predictive performance in terms of positive and negative predictive values.
Article Synopsis
- Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a complex sexual disorder influenced by physical, relational, and psychological factors, often leading to health issues like depression and anxiety due to its impact on sexual performance.
- Traditional treatment methods, including lifestyle changes and medications, have limitations in safety and effectiveness, prompting interest in new methods, such as nanomedicine, for managing ED.
- Nanotechnology offers advanced drug delivery systems that improve treatment outcomes by ensuring targeted delivery and minimizing side effects, making it a promising area for future clinical applications in ED management.
Article Synopsis
- Fat embolism syndrome is a rare condition primarily diagnosed based on clinical signs and supporting imaging studies.
- A case is presented of a 19-year-old male who, after a tibial fracture, experienced sudden shortness of breath and other severe symptoms like fever and rapid heartbeat the next day.
- The diagnosis of fat embolism was confirmed after noting the presence of fat globules, despite confusion due to an S1Q3T3 pattern on his ECG that suggested a possible pulmonary embolism.