Periesophageal Tuberculosis Abscess Post-Liver Transplantation Successfully Treated With Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent Cyst Esophagostomy.

The therapeutic utility of ultrasound-guided endoscopy has grown significantly in recent years. In this report, we describe a case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a liver transplant recipient found to have an encapsulated fluid collection in the inferior mediastinum, which was drained with an endoscopic ultrasound-guided technique, precluding the need for percutaneous or surgical intervention.

Acute Response of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells to Loss of Pulsatility as Seen during Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in short-term (3-5 h) exposure to flow with diminished pulsatility often referred to as "continuous flow". It is unclear if short-term exposure to continuous flow influences endothelial function, particularly, changes in levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines. In this study, we used the endothelial cell culture model (ECCM) to evaluate if short-term (≤5 h) reduction in pulsatility alters levels of pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic cytokine levels.

Heads or tails: confusion about "proximal" and "distal" terminology for pancreaticobiliary anatomy.

Background And Study Aims: The anatomical meaning of the terms "proximal" and "distal" in relation to the pancreaticobiliary anatomy can be confusing. We aimed to investigate practice patterns of use of the terms "proximal" and "distal" for pancreaticobiliary anatomy amongst various medical specialties.

Materials And Methods: An online survey link to a normal pancreaticobiliary diagram was emailed to a multispecialty physician pool.