The NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are sorted to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells via their respective maturation factors DUOXA1 and DUOXA2.

The membrane-integrated NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are recruited to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells to release hydrogen peroxide, thereby playing crucial roles in various functions such as thyroid hormone synthesis and host defense. However, it has remained unknown about the molecular mechanism for apical sorting of DUOX1 and DUOX2. Here we show that DUOX1 and DUOX2 are correctly sorted to the apical membrane via the membrane-spanning DUOX maturation proteins DUOXA1 and DUOXA2, respectively, when co-expressed in MDCK epithelial cells.

TMEM25 is a Par3-binding protein that attenuates claudin assembly during tight junction development.

The tight junction (TJ) in epithelial cells is formed by integral membrane proteins and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins. The former contains the claudin family proteins with four transmembrane segments, while the latter includes Par3, a PDZ domain-containing adaptor that organizes TJ formation. Here we show the single membrane-spanning protein TMEM25 localizes to TJs in epithelial cells and binds to Par3 via a PDZ-mediated interaction with its C-terminal cytoplasmic tail.

Hypoxia stabilizes the H O -producing oxidase Nox4 in cardiomyocytes via suppressing autophagy-related lysosomal degradation.

The hydrogen peroxide (H O )-producing NADPH oxidase Nox4, forming a heterodimer with p22 , is expressed in a variety of cells including those in the heart to mediate adaptive responses to cellular stresses such as hypoxia. Since Nox4 is constitutively active, H O production is controlled by its protein abundance. Hypoxia-induced Nox4 expression is observed in various types of cells and generally thought to be regulated at the transcriptional level.

Frequencies of Chromosome Aberrations are Lower in Splenic Lymphocytes from Mice Continuously Exposed to Very Low-Dose-Rate Gamma Rays Compared with Non-Irradiated Control Mice.

Chromosome aberrations have been one of the most sensitive and reliable biomarkers of exposure to ionizing radiation. Using the multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) technique, we compared the changes, over time, in the frequencies of translocations and of dicentric chromosomes in the splenic lymphocytes from specific pathogen-free (SPF) C3H/HeN female mice continuously exposed to 0.05 mGy/day (18.