Relevance of Host Cell Surface Glycan Structure for Cell Specificity of Influenza A Viruses.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) initiate infection via binding of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) to sialylated glycans on host cells. HA's receptor specificity towards individual glycans is well studied and clearly critical for virus infection, but the contribution of the highly heterogeneous and complex glycocalyx to virus-cell adhesion remains elusive. Here, we use two complementary methods, glycan arrays and single-virus force spectroscopy (SVFS), to compare influenza virus receptor specificity with virus binding to live cells.

Evaluating public transit agency responses to the Covid-19 pandemic in seven U.S. regions.

The Covid-19 pandemic's impacts on public transit will be felt for years, if not longer. In a few short weeks in 2020, the nature of day-to-day travel shifted around the world. Many of those who were able to stay at home did so while a large majority of those who needed to continue traveling moved away from public transit if they had alternatives available.

Pre- and post-task resting-state differs in clinical populations.

Resting-state functional connectivity has generated great hopes as a potential brain biomarker for improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in psychiatry. This neuroimaging protocol can routinely be performed by patients and does not depend on the specificities of a task. Thus, it seems ideal for big data approaches that require aggregating data across multiple studies and sites.

Mass transfer of proteins in chromatographic media: Comparison of pure and crude feed solutions.

Elucidation of intraparticle mass transfer mechanisms in protein chromatography is essential for process design. This study investigates the differences of adsorption and diffusion parameters of basic human fibroblast factor 2 (hFGF2) in a simple (purified) and a complex (clarified homogenate) feed solution on the grafted agarose-based strong cation exchanger Capto S. Microscopic investigations using confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed slower intraparticle diffusion of hFGF2 in the clarified homogenate compared to purified hFGF2.