The use of maize haploidy inducers as a tool in agricultural plant biotechnology.

The discovery of the ability of some mutations to stimulate haploidy during hybridization made it possible to create one of the most promising and sought-after trends in the f ield of reproductive biology. Haploid inducers created on their basis are capable of increasing the frequency of haploidy up to 15 %. The improvement of the existing haploid inducer lines and the search for new genes that contribute to a high frequency of haploidy are underway.

[Dyssynergic defecation is one of the causes of chronic constipation].

Aim: To define the rate and type distribution of dyssynergic defecation (DD) in patients with primary chronic constipation (CC) and to evaluate the efficiency of biofeedback (BFB) therapy.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred and thirty-two 18-to-89-year-old patients treated in the Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center for primary CC were examined using proctological examination, colonofibroscopy, anorectal manometry (ARM), and the balloon expulsion test.

Results: Different types of DD were identified in 44.