Drivers of carbon emissions in Turkey: considering asymmetric impacts.

This study investigates the impacts of income, (renewable and non-renewable) energy consumption, trade, and financial development on carbon dioxide emissions in Turkey for the 1965-2015 period by employing the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag method. Results show that non-renewable and renewable energy consumption, and trade openness have asymmetric impacts on pollution in long-run, while only renewable energy consumption has asymmetric impact on emissions in short-run. Results further reveal that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is not valid in Turkey.

Hair removal with the long-pulse alexandrite laser.

Background: Although laser depilation has been performed for removal or reduction of unwanted and dark-colored hair in recent years, techniques including the appropriate approaches for different skin types and body areas have not yet been optimized.

Objective: We review the principles of laser hair removal and report a retrospective study of 322 patients who received long-pulse alexandrite laser hair removal for 3 or more sessions between January 2000 and December 2002.

Methods: Prior to treatment, patients were evaluated by a physician and informed of the mechanism, efficacy, and possible side effects of treatment.