Detection of malaria in relation to fever and grade of malnutrition among malnourished children in Ethiopia.

Setting: Forty-eight nutritional rehabilitation centres in southern Ethiopia.

Objective: To determine 1) the frequency of temperature recording under programme conditions, 2) the proportion of malnourished children with and without fever who had falciparum malaria and 3) the association between malaria and grade of malnutrition.

Design: This was a retrospective analysis of routine programme data.

HIV-1 viral load monitoring: an opportunity to reinforce treatment adherence in a resource-limited setting in Thailand.

This paper describes a program to increase patients' treatment literacy regarding viral load (VL) monitoring through patient education materials and a counseling protocol, implemented by peer counselors, in order to reinforce adherence to first-line treatment. VL monitoring and second-line antiretroviral treatment were introduced into an established first-line treatment program in a rural district hospital in Thailand. All patients (171 adults and 14 children) taking antiretroviral treatment for more than 6 months participated and those with detectable VL were targeted for additional adherence support.