[Epidemiology of leprosy in Chad from 2015 to 2019].

Introduction: leprosy is a disease found and unevenly distributed in Chad. Since 1997, the annual national prevalence has been less than 1/10000 inhabitants, the elimination threshold set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The purpose of this study is to describe epidemiological trends of leprosy in Chad between 2015 and 2019, in order to provide the necessary data for the development of more effective strategies for leprosy control.

Calorimetric determination of the enthalpy of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide synthesis: a key quantity in thermodynamics of ionic liquids.

The enthalpy of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C(4)mim]Br ionic liquid synthesis reaction 1-methylimidazole (liq) + 1-bromobutane (liq) --> [C(4)mim]Br (liq) was determined in a homemade small-volume isoperibol calorimeter to be Delta(r)H degrees (298) = -87.7 +/- 1.6 kJ x mol(-1).

Twenty-four-hour time course of intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucomatous Africans: relation to sleep patterns.

Objective: The study was performed in early middle-aged African natives with primary open-angle glaucoma to compare the 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) variations in healthy versus young glaucoma patients, because IOP follows a circadian (24-hour) oscillation in healthy Caucasians.

Design: Case-control study.

Participants: Sixteen healthy African volunteers (age 24.

[Apropos of 1 case of ophthalmologic manifestation of bilharziasis].

We present an ocular manifestation of schistosomiasis. We observed the case of a 10 year old young girl living near a flooding canal of the Niger river. She presented a tumor of the left lid associated with an important ptosis.

[Painful ophthalmoplegia of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. 4 Nigerian cases].

The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a painful ophthalmoplegia in relation with a granulomatous lesion of the cavernous sinus of obscure etiology. The authors report 4 cases diagnosed at National Hospital of Niamey (Republic of Niger). They were 3 men and one woman.