Role of the gut microbiome in psychological symptoms associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.

The brain-gut axis constitutes the basis for the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract driven by neural, hormonal, metabolic, immunological, and microbial signals. Alterations in the gut microbiome composition as observed in inflammatory bowel diseases can modulate brain function and emerging empirical evidence has indicated that interactions among the brain-gut microbiome-axis seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both inflammatory bowel diseases and psychiatric disorders and their comorbidity. Yet, the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases and psychological symptoms are still poorly understood.

Disease-State Dependent Associations Between Intrinsic Brain Function and Symptoms of Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety in Crohn's Disease.

Background: Extraintestinal symptoms (EIS) in inflammatory bowel diseases, including fatigue, depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent, but poorly understood. Alterations of brain function may contribute to EIS, but their association with disease activity is unclear. This study analyzed intrinsic neural activity (INA) of individuals with Crohn's disease (CD) in different disease states and examined the relationship between INA and EIS.

Women with IBD Show Higher Psychophysiological Burden in Comparison to Men with IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains an incurable illness. Patients with IBD show gender-specific differences in various aspects of the disease. There is still uncertainty about the causality of the differences.

Body Evaluation and Body Ownership in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: the Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Childhood Maltreatment.

Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are accompanied by symptoms that can vastly affect patients' representations of their bodies. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in body evaluation and body ownership in IBD and their link to interoceptive sensibility, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety, and history of childhood maltreatment.

Methods: Body evaluation and ownership was assessed in 41 clinically remitted patients with IBD and 44 healthy controls (HC) using a topographical self-report method.

Associations Between Brain Morphology, Inflammatory Markers, and Symptoms of Fatigue, Depression, or Anxiety in Active and Remitted Crohn's Disease.

Background: Fatigue and psychosocial impairments are highly prevalent in IBD, particularly during active disease. Disturbed brain-gut interactions may contribute to these symptoms. This study examined associations between brain structure, faecal calprotectin, and symptoms of fatigue, depression, and anxiety in persons with Crohn's disease [CD] in different disease states.