Naturally occurring influenza reassortment in pigs facilitates the emergence of intrahost virus subpopulations with distinct genotypes and replicative fitness.

Unlabelled: Pigs are recognized as amplifying hosts for influenza A virus (IAV) reassortant viruses. Understanding the extent of IAV reassortment occurring at the individual pig level in naturally infected pigs and how reassortment impacts virus diversity, persistence, and replicative fitness is essential for countering IAV threats to humans and animals. Here, 244 IAV plaques were isolated from 24 commercial pigs, resulting in 26 distinct genome segment constellations.

Implementation of a Clinical Entrustment Scale and Feedback Form in an Academic Veterinary Medical Center: An Empirical Analysis of Goal Oriented Learner Driven-Entrustment (GOLD-E) Assessment Tool.

This paper presents findings from an empirical analysis conducted on the initial implementation of Goal Oriented Learner Driven-Entrustment (GOLD-E). Specifically, researchers examined the following questions: How do faculty, technicians, and residents/interns integrate GOLD-E into their assessment process? Is GOLD-E user friendly (e.g.

Evaluating the ability of non-tuberculous mycobacteria to induce non-specific reactions in bovine tuberculosis diagnostic tests in guinea pigs and cattle.

Limitations in diagnostic test performance are one of the major challenges hampering the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered one of the main causes of non-specific reactions in the intradermal tuberculin test, the most widely used bTB diagnostic test. To determine the role of NTMs in bTB misdiagnosis in Spain, an experimental study including the NTM species most commonly found in bTB-positive animals from bTB-free farms in the country (M.

Fluctuating selection in a Monkeyflower hybrid zone.

While hybridization was viewed as a hindrance to adaptation and speciation by early evolutionary biologists, recent studies have demonstrated the importance of hybridization in facilitating evolutionary processes. However, it is still not well-known what role spatial and temporal variation in natural selection play in the maintenance of naturally occurring hybrid zones. To identify whether hybridization is adaptive between two closely related monkeyflower species, and , we performed repeated reciprocal transplants between natural hybrid and pure species' populations.