Publications by authors named "A K O Denniston"

Few metrics exist to describe phenotypic diversity within ophthalmic imaging datasets, with researchers often using ethnicity as a surrogate marker for biological variability. We derived a continuous, measured metric, the retinal pigment score (RPS), that quantifies the degree of pigmentation from a colour fundus photograph of the eye. RPS was validated using two large epidemiological studies with demographic and genetic data (UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk Study) and reproduced in a Tanzanian, an Australian, and a Chinese dataset.

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Article Synopsis
  • There is a significant risk of reinforcing existing health inequalities in AI health technologies due to biases, primarily stemming from the datasets used.
  • The STANDING Together recommendations focus on transparency in health datasets and proactive evaluation of their impacts on different population groups, informed by a comprehensive research process with over 350 global contributors.
  • The 29 recommendations are divided into guidance for documenting health datasets and strategies for using them, aiming to identify and reduce algorithmic biases while promoting awareness of the inherent limitations in all datasets.
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Article Synopsis
  • This review analyzes various mammography datasets used for AI development in breast cancer screening, focusing on their transparency, content, and accessibility.
  • A search identified 254 datasets, with only 28 being accessible; most datasets came from Europe, East Asia, and North America, raising concerns over poor demographic representation.
  • The findings highlight significant gaps in diversity within these datasets, underscoring the need for better documentation and inclusivity to enhance the effectiveness of AI technologies in breast cancer research.
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Decentralized clinical trials involving the use of digital tools to facilitate remote research are gaining momentum. Rapid advancements in digital technologies have supported the adoption of these trials. These innovations facilitate virtual interactions between clinical trial teams and participants by making it easier to collect, transfer and store electronic data.

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