Diagnostics and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children - Guidelines of the Polish National Scientific Societies, 2024 Update.

The rapid progress made in recent years in thyroid cancer research has necessitated the systematic updating of current clinical recommendations. This update presents the evidence-based management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma in children, including preoperative diagnostics, surgical management, radioiodine therapy in DTC treatment with L-thyroxine, disease monitoring, treatment of advanced disease, and finally, consequences of thyroid cancer treatment. Each recommendation is evaluated regarding its strength (Strength of Recommendation; SoR) and the quality of supporting data (QoE - Quality of Evidence).

Associations Between Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and HLA Alleles in a Caucasian Population: A Molecular HLA Typing Study.

: Severe COVID-19 still constitutes an important health problem. Taking into account the crucial role of HLA in immune reactions, evaluation of the impact of HLA on COVID-19 risk and clinical course seemed necessary, as the already available data are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to compare the HLA profiles of patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and a healthy control group, as well as to compare HLA allele frequencies in patients with severe and non-severe courses of COVID-19.

Reversible suppression of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in Addison's disease due to ethinyl oestradiol-induced increase in total cortisol.

Summary: An oral contraceptive pill (OCP)-induced increase in total cortisol lead to reversible suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and insulin resistance (IR) in a patient with Addison's disease. We suggest that this might influence the choice of an OCP in such patients. A 20-year-old female was diagnosed with Addison's disease (cortisol: 44 nmol/L, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): >500 pg/mL) and started on hydrocortisone (HC).

The Absence of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression on Natural Killer T Cells: Implications for the Immune-Endocrine Interaction.

The expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) has been documented on various immune cells, including B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Natural Killer (NK) cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs). Natural Killer T (NKT) cells serve as a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity, playing significant roles in immunological interactions and autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of TSHR on NKT cells.