Advancing surgical outcomes through cardiovascular biomarker sub-phenotyping.

Recent findings from Gutierrez del Arroyo and colleagues identified distinct sub-phenotypes in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery based on biomarkers such as N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, renin, aldosterone, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which were associated with varying risks of postoperative myocardial injury. Although their findings highlight the potential of sub-phenotyping for advancing perioperative precision medicine, further research is needed to validate these sub-phenotypes and explore their role in tailoring perioperative management strategies.

Incorporating social determinants of health into agent-based models of HIV transmission: methodological challenges and future directions.

There is much focus in the field of HIV prevention research on understanding the impact of social determinants of health (e.g., housing, employment, incarceration) on HIV transmission and developing interventions to address underlying structural drivers of HIV risk.

Impact on Patient Outcomes of Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring on Medical Wards: Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Background: Continuous and wireless vital sign (VS) monitoring on hospital wards is superior to intermittent VS monitoring at detecting VS abnormalities; however, the impact on clinical outcomes remains to be confirmed. A recent propensity-matched study of primary surgical patients found decreased odds of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality in patients receiving continuous monitoring. Primary surgical patients are inherently different from their medical counterparts who typically have high morbidity, including frailty.