One-Pot Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes via the Generation of Nitrile Imine Intermediates.

A one-pot procedure for the oxidative amidation of aldehydes via the generation of reactive nitrile imine (NI) intermediates has been developed. Distinct from our progenitor processes, mechanistic and control experiments revealed that the NI undergoes rapid oxidation to an acyl diazene species, which then facilitates -acylation of an amine. A range of substrates have been explored, including application in the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

Peroxidase Activity of Myoglobin Variants Reconstituted with Artificial Cofactors.

Myoglobin (Mb) can react with hydrogen peroxide (H O ) to form a highly active intermediate compound and catalyse oxidation reactions. To enhance this activity, known as pseudo-peroxidase activity, previous studies have focused on the modification of key amino acid residues of Mb or the heme cofactor. In this work, the Mb scaffold (apo-Mb) was systematically reconstituted with a set of cofactors based on six metal ions and two ligands.

Human Type 1 Diabetes Is Characterized by an Early, Marked, Sustained, and Islet-Selective Loss of Sympathetic Nerves.

In humans, the glucagon response to moderate-to-marked insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) is largely mediated by the autonomic nervous system. Because this glucagon response is impaired early in type 1 diabetes, we sought to determine if these patients, like animal models of autoimmune diabetes, have an early and severe loss of islet sympathetic nerves. We also tested whether this nerve loss is a permanent feature of type 1 diabetes, is islet-selective, and is not seen in type 2 diabetes.

Differential Insulitic Profiles Determine the Extent of β-Cell Destruction and the Age at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells following the infiltration of leukocytes (including CD8(+), CD4(+), and CD20(+) cells) into and around pancreatic islets (insulitis). Recently, we reported that two distinct patterns of insulitis occur in patients with recent-onset T1D from the U.K.

Comparison of Methods to Identify Lymphatic and Blood Vessel Invasion and their Prognostic Value in Patients with Primary Operable Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Lymphatic and blood vessel invasion are important independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer, but identification of the separate components remains difficult. The aim of the present study was to compare routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and elastica staining with immunohistochemistry using D2-40 and CD31.

Materials And Methods: A total of 75 surgical specimens of colorectal cancer were examined for blood and lymphatic vessel invasion, by comparing stains.