Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge of critically ill patients and a sudden increase in the need for oxygen treatment worldwide. Pre-existing gaps in oxygen systems became apparent, and governments, multilateral agencies, and other partners scrambled to increase the production, supply, and use of oxygen to meet this need. The importance of an oxygen ecosystem that is appropriate for the local context became clear.

Health System Considerations for Community-Based Implementation of Automated Respiratory Counters to Identify Childhood Pneumonia in 5 Regions of Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study.

Background: In Ethiopia, childhood pneumonia is diagnosed in primary healthcare settings by measuring respiratory rate (RR) along with the presence of cough, chest indrawing, difficulty breathing, and fast breathing. Our aim was to identify health system-level lessons from implementing two automated RR counters, Children's Automated Respiration Monitor (ChARM) by Phillips and Rad-G by Masimo, to provide considerations for integrating such devices into child health programmes and health systems. This study was part of an initiative called .

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children.

Background: Every year, an estimated one million children and young adolescents become ill with tuberculosis, and around 226,000 of those children die. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) is a molecular World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended rapid diagnostic test that simultaneously detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and rifampicin resistance. We previously published a Cochrane Review 'Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assays for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children'.