Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest X-ray Computer-Aided Detection Software for Detection of Prevalent and Incident Tuberculosis in Household Contacts.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculosis (TB) screening guidelines recommend computer-aided detection (CAD) software for chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation. However, studies evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are limited.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of household contacts of rifampicin-resistant TB in South Africa.

Coach-athlete relationships, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing: The role of perceived and received coach support.

Coaches are recognized as key support providers, although there is limited understanding of how coach support relates to athletes' self-confidence and psychological wellbeing. This study examined relationships among perceived coach support, received coach support, coach-athlete relationship, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing. A further aim was to identify mechanisms through which coach-athlete relationship influences self-confidence and psychological wellbeing.

Training, environmental and nutritional practices in indoor cycling: an explorative cross-sectional questionnaire analysis.

Introduction: Indoor cycling at home has grown rapidly in recent years facilitated by advances in technology and gamification. However, there is limited data on individual's training practices when cycling indoors.

Methods: Using a single-time point, cross-sectional questionnaire, we gathered information on equipment, environmental considerations, training practices and nutrition during indoor cycling.

Pathogenesis of Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Defining Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities at the Second International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium.

Post-tuberculosis (post-TB) lung disease is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of chronic lung disease, with recent estimates indicating that over half of TB survivors have impaired lung function after successful completion of TB treatment. However, the pathologic mechanisms that contribute to post-TB lung disease are not well understood, thus limiting the development of therapeutic interventions to improve long-term outcomes after TB. This report summarizes the work of the Pathogenesis and Risk Factors Committee for the Second International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium, which took place in Stellenbosch, South Africa, in April 2023.

The International Consensus for Early TB framework (ICE-TB): Implications from a low-incidence setting.

In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the public health significance of the spectrum of TB disease presentation, and the existing classification systems of asymptomatic infection and symptomatic TB have been limited in terms of explanatory power. Accordingly, in 2022-2023, a new International Consensus framework for Early TB (ICE-TB) was developed, categorising the spectrum of TB infection and disease into five states based on the presence or absence of macroscopic pathology, host infectiousness, and symptoms and signs.We used the ICE-TB framework to re-analyse existing notification data for 2022 within a low-incidence setting to explore the potential utility and future challenges for its public health application.