Bone Bioelectricity and Bone-Cell Response to Electrical Stimulation: A Review.

It is hypothesized that bone cells can sense mechanical force in the extracellular network via an electrical signal. This has led to the use of electrical stimulation (ES) to improve fracture repair and mitigate bone loss. Although overlap exists in bone maintenance and fracture healing mechanics, the processes involved in both are very different, resulting in dissimilar behaviors from the cells.

NEUDOSE: A CubeSat Mission for Dosimetry of Charged Particles and Neutrons in Low-Earth Orbit.

During space missions, astronauts are exposed to a stream of energetic and highly ionizing radiation particles that can suppress immune system function, increase cancer risks and even induce acute radiation syndrome if the exposure is large enough. As human exploration goals shift from missions in low-Earth orbit (LEO) to long-duration interplanetary missions, radiation protection remains one of the key technological issues that must be resolved. In this work, we introduce the NEUtron DOSimetry & Exploration (NEUDOSE) CubeSat mission, which will provide new measurements of dose and space radiation quality factors to improve the accuracy of cancer risk projections for current and future space missions.