Global prevalence of antibiotic consumption during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Antibiotic use during pregnancy is widespread with notable variations across regions.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis (Prospero protocol CRD42023418979) examines the prevalence and variability of antibiotic use in pregnancy globally and regionally, considering different methodologies and maternal characteristics. We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for observational studies published in English from the year 2000 and onwards.

Clostridioides difficile infection, recurrence and the associated healthcare consumption in Sweden between 2006 and 2019: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes a major burden to individuals and society, yet the impact may vary depending on age, sex, underlying comorbidities and where CDI was acquired (hospital or community).

Methods: This Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study (2006-2019) compared all 43,150 individuals with CDI to their 355,172 matched controls (first year and entire follow-up). Negative binomial regression models compared the cumulated length of stay, number of in-hospital admissions, outpatient visits and prescriptions after the first CDI episode expressed as incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals for the entire follow-up.

Clostridioides difficile recurrence in individuals with and without cancer: a Swedish population-based cohort study.

Purpose: Patients with cancer are vulnerable to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) due to their disease, treatment and regular hospital contact, yet if CDI-recurrence is more common remains unclear, and differences among cancer types remain unexplored.

Methods: This Swedish nationwide population-based cohort included all 43,150 individuals with recorded CDI (2006-2019) to assess CDI-recurrence in individuals with and without cancer, with binary multivariable logistic regression, stratified by anatomical location, and survival status.

Results: Compared to those without cancer (N = 29,543), ongoing cancer (diagnosis < 12 months; N = 3,882) was associated with reduced recurrence (OR = 0.

The combined effect of systemic antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors on Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrence.

Background: Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are recognized risk factors for acquisition and recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), yet combined effects remain unclear.

Objectives: To assess the short- and long-term effects of antibiotics and PPIs on CDI risk and recurrence.

Methods: Population-based study including all 43 152 patients diagnosed with CDI in Sweden (2006-2019), and 355 172 matched population controls without CDI.

Clostridioides difficile infection-associated cause-specific and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common healthcare-associated infection and leading cause of gastroenteritis-related mortality worldwide. However, data on CDI-associated mortality are scarce. We aimed to examine the association between CDI and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.