Brief Report: Evaluating Early-Stage Lung Cancer Survival Patterns in Patients at the Upper Age Limit for Lung Cancer Screening.

Introduction: Older individuals have an elevated lung cancer risk but may also have significant comorbidities that preclude curative treatment options and limit the survival benefits of screening. The objective of this study was to assess early-stage lung cancer survival patterns among those at the upper age limit for screening and identify older individuals who have potential to benefit from for lung cancer screening.

Methods: We identified all early stage (I or II) lung cancers diagnosed in Alberta, Canada between 2010 and 2020.

Perceptual Cue Weighting Matters in Real-Time Integration of Acoustic Information During Spoken Word Recognition.

This study investigates whether listeners' cue weighting predicts their real-time use of asynchronous acoustic information in spoken word recognition at both group and individual levels. By focusing on the time course of cue integration, we seek to distinguish between two theoretical views: the associated view (cue weighting is linked to cue integration strategy) and the independent view (no such relationship). The current study examines Seoul Korean listeners' (n = 62) weighting of voice onset time (VOT, available earlier in time) and onset fundamental frequency of the following vowel (F0, available later in time) when perceiving Korean stop contrasts (Experiment 1: cue-weighting perception task) and the timing of VOT integration when recognizing Korean words that begin with a stop (Experiment 2: visual-world eye-tracking task).

Individual variation and selection for phenotypic plasticity of laying date and clutch size across different environmental conditions in Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor).

Several studies have emphasized that phenotypic plasticity should be a key mechanism to cope with current rapid environmental changes by allowing individuals to quickly express new adaptive phenotypes. Yet, few studies have investigated the evolutionary potential of plasticity for multiple traits simultaneously and using several different environmental variables. Here, we assess the extent of variation in, and the selection acting on phenotypic plasticity of key ecological traits, laying date and clutch size, using five environmental variables, in a Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) population monitored since 2004.

Variance in the composition and number of VLDL and LDL particles with increasing triglyceride or increasing ApoB concentrations.

Objective: The importance of any enhanced atherogenicity of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) will depend on the relative abundance of these particles compared with LDL or total apolipoprotein (apo)B. Accordingly, we determined the contribution that TRLs make to total apoB as TG or apoB concentrations increase. We also describe compositional changes in TRLs as TG or apoB increase to assess whether VLDL-C is a valid proxy for VLDL-apoB.

Exploratory analysis of the variable response to an intensive lifestyle change program for metabolic syndrome.

Background: Substantial variability in response to lifestyle interventions has been recognized for many years, and researchers have begun to disentangle sources of error from inherent differences in individual responsiveness. The objective of this secondary analysis of an intensive lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) for metabolic syndrome (MetS) was to identify potentially important differences among study completers grouped by treatment response as measured by change in a continuous metabolic syndrome score (Gurka/MetS).

Methods: All study completers from a 12-month primary care study were categorized into one of five groups according to change in the Gurka/MetS score.