Efficacy of a single central injection of lignocaine at the scrotal neck on the behavioural response of lambs to castration.

Objective: To compare the behavioural responses of lambs to ring castration with or without local anaesthetic administration by single midline injection at the scrotal neck.

Study Design: Blinded, randomized block design pen study.

Animals: A group of 60 male Merino lambs; 6-8 weeks of age; average body weight of 18.

Association of Lipoprotein(a) With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Across hs-CRP: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relationship between Lp(a) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the context of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels remains controversial due to conflicting results from previous studies.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between Lp(a) and risk of MACE across different hs-CRP levels in both primary and secondary prevention settings.

Racial and Ethnic Representation in Nephrolithiasis Guidelines: Are They Generalizable?

Objective: To assess whether clinical trials guiding kidney stone care adequately describe the race, ethnicity, and other key demographic variables of their study populations. Guidelines such as those from the American Urological Association represent the highest level of evidence informing clinical practice. We aim to investigate if studies on which they are based include sufficiently diverse patient populations for generalizable results.

Integrative proteomic analyses across common cardiac diseases yield mechanistic insights and enhanced prediction.

Cardiac diseases represent common highly morbid conditions for which molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report the analysis of 1,459 protein measurements in 44,313 UK Biobank participants to characterize the circulating proteome associated with incident coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and aortic stenosis. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression identified 820 protein-disease associations-including 441 proteins-at Bonferroni-adjusted P < 8.

Cardiovascular and renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical evidence.

Large-scale clinical outcome trials have demonstrated significant reductions in cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). These benefits are sustained in patients with a range of left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF), irrespective of diabetes status, and in a variety of clinical settings, prompting incorporation into clinical practice guidelines for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The clinical benefits are mediated by an interplay of cardio-metabolic-renal mechanisms, and they have a favorable safety profile.