Decision regret after failed autologous in vitro fertilization in women ≥42 years of age.

Objective: To quantify the level of decision regret in women ≥42 years of age after autologous in vitro fertilization (IVF) and identify factors associated with moderate-to-severe regret.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Academic center.

Rethinking How to Introduce the Learning Sciences: a Near-Peer Approach.

To address the problem of students cramming for examinations using short-term memorization, we developed an interactive session for first-year medical students in which a near-peer discussed evidence-based learning strategies and how to apply them to specific curricular activities to promote long-term retention and deep understanding. Immediate and delayed post-survey data suggested this new session promoted adoption of evidence-based learning strategies and was well-received by students.

Assessment to Optimize Learning Strategies: A Qualitative Study of Student and Faculty Perceptions.

The format of medical knowledge assessment can promote students' use of effective learning strategies from the learning sciences literature, such as elaboration, interleaving, retrieval practice, and distributed learning. Assessment format can also influence faculty teaching. Accordingly, our institution implemented a new assessment strategy in which pre-clerkship medical students answered weekly formative quizzes with constructed response questions (also referred to as open-ended questions) and multiple-choice questions in preparation for summative open-ended question examinations, to support students' use of recommended learning strategies.

Third party assessment of resection margin status in head and neck cancer.

Background: Definitive assessment of primary site margin status following resection of head and neck cancer is necessary for prognostication, treatment determination and qualification for clinical trials. This retrospective analysis determined how often an independent reviewer can assess primary tumor margin status of head and neck cancer resections based on review of the pathology report, surgical operative report, and first follow-up note alone.

Methods: We extracted from the electronic medical record pathology reports, operative reports, and follow-up notes from head and neck cancer resections performed at Stanford Hospital.

Multiple sclerosis normal-appearing white matter: pathology-imaging correlations.

Objective: The study was undertaken to determine the pathologic basis of subtle abnormalities in magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters observed in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis brains.

Methods: Brain tissues were obtained through a rapid postmortem protocol that included in situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four types of MRI-defined regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed: (1) regions that were abnormal on all images (T2T1MTR lesions); (2) NAWM regions with slightly abnormal MTR located close to white matter lesions (sa-WM Close); (3) NAWM regions with slightly abnormal MTR located far from lesions (sa-WM Far); and (4) NAWM regions with normal MTR (NAWM).