Interplay of Monosaccharide Configurations on the Deacetylation with Lipase-B.

Configurational differences in monosaccharides determine the products and selectivity of the transesterification reaction with lipase-B (CAL-B). The β-anomers of peresterified pyranose monosaccharides tend to yield anomeric deprotection products, while the α-anomers preferentially react at the sixth or fourth position. CAL-B differentiates between enantiomers, either reacting more rapidly with d-enantiomers of monosaccharides or having a different selectivity based on the enantiomer.

Phylogenomic insights into the taxonomy, ecology, and mating systems of the lorchel family Discinaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota).

Lorchels, also known as false morels (Gyromitra sensu lato), are iconic due to their brain-shaped mushrooms and production of gyromitrin, a deadly mycotoxin. Molecular phylogenetic studies have hitherto failed to resolve deep-branching relationships in the lorchel family, Discinaceae, hampering our ability to settle longstanding taxonomic debates and to reconstruct the evolution of toxin production. We generated 75 draft genomes from cultures and ascomata (some collected as early as 1960), conducted phylogenomic analyses using 1542 single-copy orthologs to infer the early evolutionary history of lorchels, and identified genomic signatures of trophic mode and mating-type loci to better understand lorchel ecology and reproductive biology.

Neuroanatomical Variability and Substance Use Initiation in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence.

Importance: The extent to which neuroanatomical variability associated with early substance involvement, which is associated with subsequent risk for substance use disorder development, reflects preexisting risk and/or consequences of substance exposure remains poorly understood.

Objective: To examine neuroanatomical features associated with early substance use initiation and to what extent associations may reflect preexisting vulnerability.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cohort study using data from baseline through 3-year follow-up assessments of the ongoing longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Reducing Dust and Respirable Crystalline Silica Near Conveyors Using a Hybrid Dust Control System.

Occupational exposures to respirable dusts and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is well established as a health hazard in many industries including mining, construction, and oil and gas extraction. The U.S.

Social network analysis as a new tool to measure academic impact of physicians.

Introduction: H-index is a widely used metric quantifying a researcher's productivity and impact based on an author's publications and citations. Though convenient to calculate, h-index fails to incorporate collaborations and interrelationships between physicians into its assessment of academic impact, leading to limited insight into grouped networks. We present social network analysis as a tool to measure relationships between physicians and quantify their academic impact.