Publications by authors named "A J Malcolm"
Background: Autonomic dysfunction may contribute to symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), possibly driven by psychological morbidity and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Previous data are conflicting, perhaps due to lack of accounting for differential bowel patterns in IBS (constipation vs. diarrhea) or by diverse methodologies used to measure autonomic function.
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- - Women in alcohol and drug services face higher rates of unintended pregnancies and lower contraception access; this study investigates contraceptive initiation after offering services in metropolitan and regional areas.
- - With 91% of participants not planning to get pregnant within a year at baseline, only 21% were using effective contraception; following education and support, 28% initiated highly reliable methods, especially in regional areas (51% compared to 2% in metropolitan areas).
- - While 44% of women were using effective contraception a year later, and 15% reported pregnancies, the study suggests improved pathways for contraception can help, though there are significant site differences in outcomes that need further exploration.
Introduction: Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is associated with serious morbidity and reduced quality of life. The role of anorectal manometry (ARM) to guide treatment is unclear. We aimed to define the role of ARM and symptom assessment after OASI in predicting anal incontinence at long-term follow-up.
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- The study investigates how identity functioning varies among women with anorexia nervosa (AN) at different stages of recovery compared to women with no eating disorders.
- It finds that women currently diagnosed with AN (AN-C) have significantly poorer identity functioning than those partially recovered (AN-PR), fully recovered (AN-FR), and non-ED controls.
- The research suggests that addressing identity functioning could be crucial in the treatment of AN, as it differs significantly based on the individual's recovery stage.
Objective: Abnormal visual processing has been proposed as a mechanism underlying excessive focus on minor appearance flaws in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Existing BDD research has not differentiated the various stages of face processing (featural, first-order configural, holistic and second-order configural) that are required for higher-order processes such as emotion recognition. This study investigated a hierarchical visual processing model to examine the nature of abnormalities in face processing in BDD.
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