Expanded Approaches for Mastopexy in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: (1) Understand the unique differences between mastopexy in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. (2) Describe the approach to performing mastopexy with autoaugmentation or after explantation. (3) Have insight into the approach and decision-making process for performing mastopexy with nipple-sparing mastectomy.

Mean-field approximation for networks with synchrony-driven adaptive coupling.

Synaptic plasticity plays a fundamental role in neuronal dynamics, governing how connections between neurons evolve in response to experience. In this study, we extend a network model of θ-neuron oscillators to include a realistic form of adaptive plasticity. In place of the less tractable spike-timing-dependent plasticity, we employ recently validated phase-difference-dependent plasticity rules, which adjust coupling strengths based on the relative phases of θ-neuron oscillators.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human Tonsils Reveals Nicotine Enhances HIV-1-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome and Mitochondrial Activation.

Background: HIV-1 infection, even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), is associated with chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, contributing to long-term health complications. Nicotine use, prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), is known to exacerbate immune activation and disease progression, but the precise biological mechanisms remain to be fully understood. This study sought to uncover the synergistic effects of HIV-1 infection and nicotine on immune cell function, focusing on beneficial insights into NLRP3 inflammasome activation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathways.

miR-1, miR-133a, miR-29b and skeletal muscle fibrosis in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia.

Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI), the most severe manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is associated with a poor prognosis and high amputation rates. Despite novel therapeutic approaches being investigated, no significant clinical benefits have been observed yet. Understanding the molecular pathways of skeletal muscle dysfunction in CLTI is crucial for designing successful treatments.