Evaluation of controlled-release devices for providing chromium sesquioxide and zinc in Huacaya alpacas at pasture.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of controlled-release devices (CRDs) for providing zinc and for estimating faecal output in alpacas and sheep at pasture.

Methods: The study groups of 10 alpacas and 10 sheep at pasture were paired within species and allocated at random to receive by mouth either one CRD containing chromium sesquioxide designed to function for at least 21 days or two CRDs, one containing chromium sesquioxide and the other zinc oxide designed to release over a nominal 60-day period. Faecal concentrations of chromium, zinc and ash, blood and plasma concentrations of zinc and plasma activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured over a period of 117 days after treatment.

Alcohol hangover impacts learning and reward processing within the medial-frontal cortex.

It is common knowledge that alcohol intoxication impairs motor coordination, judgment, and decision making. Indeed, an abundance of literature links intoxication to impaired cognitive control that leads to accidents and injury. A broadening body of research, however, suggests that the impact of alcohol may continue beyond the point of intoxication and into the period of alcohol hangover.

Posterior block of the ankle joint in dancers.

The presence of a bony block at the back of the ankle should be recognized as occurring in patterns of symptoms which are not themselves directly related to the ankle joint. When careful examination and observation of the patient indicates that the source of the trouble is in fact at the back of the ankle joint and it has been determined that there is some extra bone at this site, then surgical treatment will give excellent results. It must be emphasized that the presence of an os trigonum or other bony prominence does not mean that it is the source of recurrent symptoms.