Contribution of HIV transmission bursts to future HIV infections, United States.

Objective: To estimate the influence of bursts of rapid HIV transmission on future transmission and describe populations affected by transmission bursts.

Design: Phylogenetic analysis of US National HIV Surveillance System data.

Methods: Time-scaled phylogenetic trees were inferred for six geographic regions using sequences from persons with HIV (PWH) with diagnoses of HIV infection 2014-2019.

A neural network to create super-resolution MR from multiple 2D brain scans of pediatric patients.

Background: High-resolution (HR) 3D MR images provide detailed soft-tissue information that is useful in assessing long-term side-effects after treatment in childhood cancer survivors, such as morphological changes in brain structures. However, these images require long acquisition times, so routinely acquired follow-up images after treatment often consist of 2D low-resolution (LR) images (with thick slices in multiple planes).

Purpose: In this work, we present a super-resolution convolutional neural network, based on previous single-image MRI super-resolution work, that can reconstruct a HR image from 2D LR slices in multiple planes in order to facilitate the extraction of structural biomarkers from routine scans.

Identifying paediatric patients at risk of severe hearing impairment after treatment for malignancies of the H&N/CNS with proton therapy.

Background And Purpose: A risk calculation model was presented in 2021 by Keilty et al. for determining the likelihood of severe hearing impairment (HI) for paediatric patients treated with photon radiation therapy. This study aimed to validate their risk-prediction model for our cohort of paediatric patients treated with proton therapy (PT) for malignancies of the head and neck (H&N) or central nervous system (CNS).

A Review of Celiac Disease and Its Implications on Fertility and Pregnancy.

Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder triggered by dietary gluten ingestion. The classic clinical presentation is characterized by diarrhea with malabsorption and weight loss; however, the spectrum of possible initial symptoms is broad. Affected individuals may be asymptomatic or may suffer from extraintestinal manifestations that can include metabolic bone disorders, thyroid dysfunction, neurologic manifestations, amenorrhea, or impaired fertility.

Psychiatric Explanations of Poor Oral Intake: A Clinically Focused Review.

Background: Poor oral intake (POI) among medical-surgical inpatients can cause malnutrition and delay recovery due to medical consequences and the need for more invasive nutritional support. Many psychiatric conditions can cause POI; however, the role that psychiatric conditions play in POI has received limited attention to date.

Objective: This review aggregates available information on POI due to psychiatric conditions and provides a framework for the clinical approach to these conditions in hospitalized adult patients.