Glacial Water: A Dynamic Microbial Medium.

Microbial communities and nutrient dynamics in glaciers and ice sheets continuously change as the hydrological conditions within and on the ice change. Glaciers and ice sheets can be considered bioreactors as microbiomes transform nutrients that enter these icy systems and alter the meltwater chemistry. Global warming is increasing meltwater discharge, affecting nutrient and cell export, and altering proglacial systems.

Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles regulate PI(3)P signaling to facilitate lysosomal tubule fission.

Formation and fission of tubules from autolysosomes, endolysosomes, or phagolysosomes are required for lysosome reformation. However, the mechanisms governing these processes in these different lysosomal organelles are poorly understood. Thus, the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is unclear as it was shown to promote the formation of tubules from phagolysosomes but was proposed to inhibit tubule formation on autolysosomes because the loss of PI4KIIIβ causes extensive lysosomal tubulation.

Cord Placement Model: An Instructional Guide for Preclinical Dental Students to Practice the Skill of Retraction Cord Placement.

Introduction: Gingival displacement is essential for ideal margin exposure and improved direct or indirect restorative outcome. Recent literature found many dentists prefer using retraction cord. Some contraindications of other displacement methods make retraction cord displacement preferred.

Surveillance as a Core Intervention to Strengthen Malaria Control Programs in Moderate to High Transmission Settings.

New tools are needed for malaria control, and recent improvements in malaria surveillance have opened the possibility of transforming surveillance into a core intervention. Implementing this strategy can be challenging in moderate to high transmission settings. However, there is a wealth of practical experience among national malaria control programs and partners working to improve and use malaria surveillance data to guide programming.