Risk factors and clinical characteristics of rectal cancer recurrence after radical surgical treatment.

<b><br>Introduction:</b> Recurrence of rectal cancer affects from 4% to even 50% of patients after surgical treatment. The incidence may be influenced by numerous factors depending on the patient, the characteristics of the tumor and the type and quality of the surgical technique used.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of rectal cancer recurrence, identify potential risk factors and role of patient surveillance after primary resection of rectal cancer.

Colorectal Cancer: Is it Still a Disease of the Elderly?

<b><br>Introduction:</b> Colorectal cancer is becoming an increasingly significant health issue, being one of the more commonly diagnosed malignancies. Colorectal tumors account for 10% of all malignant cancers in women and 12% in men. Incidence is higher in the male population, especially among younger individuals.

Principles of minimize bleeding and the transfusion of blood and its components in operated patients - surgical aspects.

One of the target of perioperative tratment in surgery is decreasing intraoperative bleeding, which increases the number of perioperative procedures, mortality and treatment costs, and also causes the risk of transfusion of blood and its components. Trying to minimize the blood loss(mainly during the operation) as well as the need to transfuse blood and its components (broadly understood perioperative period) should be standard treatment for a patient undergoing a procedure. In the case of this method, the following steps should be taken: 1) in the preoperative period: identyfication of risk groups as quickly as possible, detecting and treating anemia, applying prehabilitation, modyfying anticoagulant treatment, considering donating one's own blood in some patients and in selected cases erythropoietin preparations; 2) in the perioperative period: aim for normothermia, normovolemia and normoglycemia, use of surgical methods that reduce bleeding, such as minimally invasive surgery, high-energy coagulation, local hemostatics, prevention of surgical site infection, proper transfusion of blood and its components if it occurs; 3) in the postoperative period: monitor the condition of patients, primarily for the detection of bleeding, rapid reoperation if required, suplementation (oral administration preferred) nutrition with microelements (iron) and vitamins, updating its general condition.

The Association of Polish Surgeons (APS) clinical guidelines for the use of laparoscopy in the management of abdominal emergencies. Part I.

Introduction: Over the past three decades, almost every type of abdominal surgery has been performed and refined using the laparoscopic technique. Surgeons are applying it for more procedures, which not so long ago were performed only in the classical way. The position of laparoscopic surgery is therefore well established, and in many operations it is currently the recommended and dominant method.

Recommendations for modern perioperative care for elective surgery: consensus of panel of exerts.

Introduction: Correct surgical technique and perioperative care are two factors that can reduce the number of complications, improve treatment outcomes and shorten the length of hospital stay. The introduction of enhanced recovery protocols has changed the approach to patient care in some centers. However, there are significant differences among centers, and in some the standard of care has remained unchanged.