Pyrolysis of Two Perfluoroalkanesulfonates (PFSAs) and PFSA-Laden Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): Decomposition Mechanisms and the Role of GAC.

Thermal treatment of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) presents a promising opportunity to halt the PFAS cycle. However, how co-occurring materials such as granular activated carbon (GAC) influence thermal decomposition products of PFASs, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We studied the pyrolysis of two potassium salts of perfluoroalkanesulfonates (PFSAs, CFSOK), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS-K), and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS-K), with or without GAC.

Racial and Ethnic Variation in Survival in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.

Importance: Rates of early-onset (before 50 years of age) colorectal cancer (EOCRC) are increasing, with notable differences across racial and ethnic groups. Limited data are available on EOCRC-related mortality differences when disaggregating racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: To investigate racial and ethnic differences in EOCRC mortality, including disaggregation of Asian American populations separately, including Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander populations and specific Asian American groups, and to quantify the contribution of clinical and sociodemographic factors accounting for these differences.

Disparities in Cancer Stage Shifts Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in California, 2020 to 2021.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated shutdowns disrupted healthcare access and resulted in decreased cancer screenings. Cancer diagnosis delays have concerning downstream effects on late-stage cancer, especially for marginalized populations.

Methods: The study population included 349,458 adults in the California Cancer Registry diagnosed with cancer between January 2019 and December 2021, during which California experienced two stay-at-home orders.

Mechanism of Action of Formate Dehydrogenases.

The molybdenum- and tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases from a variety of microorganisms catalyze the reversible interconversion of formate and CO; several, in fact, function as CO reductases in the reverse direction under physiological conditions. CO reduction catalyzed by these enzymes occurs under mild temperature and pressure rather than the elevated conditions required for current industrial processes. Given the contemporary importance of remediation of atmospheric CO to address global warming, there has been considerable interest in the application of these enzymes in bioreactors.