Prenatal syphilis and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with HIV receiving ART in Brazil: a population-based study.

Background: We aimed to examine factors associated with prenatal syphilis, including prenatal care, and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with HIV in Brazil.

Methods: Retrospective data were gathered from a national cohort of Brazilian women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy who became pregnant between January 2015 and May 2018. Prenatal syphilis was defined by clinical diagnoses with treatment or any positive syphilis laboratory result between 30 days before conception and pregnancy conclusion.

Deep learning captures the effect of epistasis in multifactorial diseases.

Background: Polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction is widely used to assess the risk of diagnosis and progression of many diseases. Routinely, the weights of individual SNPs are estimated by the linear regression model that assumes independent and linear contribution of each SNP to the phenotype. However, for complex multifactorial diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others, association between individual SNPs and disease could be non-linear due to epistatic interactions.

Contributing factors to the length of stay and discharge destination of home health care patients: 10-year electronic health record analysis using the Donabedian model.

Aim: To identify the factors affecting the length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination (DD) of home health care (HHC) patients in South Korea.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the electronic health records of 1769 patients from a hospital in South Korea. Data were collected from January 2013 to December 2022.

The Prevalence of Septo-Optic Dysplasia in Neonates with Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi Identified During Routine Prenatal Imaging.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of septo-optic-dysplasia (SOD) in patients with prenatally identified absent cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC).

Study Design: This retrospective chart review investigated neonates prenatally diagnosed with an absent CSP, ACC, or DCC who were admitted to a single quaternary academic medical center in the Pacific Northwest between 2016-2023. This prenatal diagnosis prompted a routine and protocolized postnatal workup for SOD including laboratory evaluation, imaging, and specialty consultation.

Genetically Engineered Brain Organoids Recapitulate Spatial and Developmental States of Glioblastoma Progression.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer that is highly resistant to therapy due to significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity. The lack of robust in vitro models to study early tumor progression has hindered the development of effective therapies. Here, this study develops engineered GBM organoids (eGBOs) harboring GBM subtype-specific oncogenic mutations to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation of tumor progression.