Interferon-gamma driven elevation of CXCL9: a new sepsis endotype independently associated with mortality.

Background: Endotype classification becomes the cornerstone of understanding sepsis pathogenesis. Macrophage activation-like syndrome (MALS) and immunoparalysis are the best recognized major endotypes, so far. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) action on tissue macrophages stimulates the release of the cytotoxic chemokine CXCL9.

Extubation in neurocritical care patients: the ENIO international prospective study.

Purpose: Neurocritical care patients receive prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), but there is poor specific information in this high-risk population about the liberation strategies of invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods: ENIO (NCT03400904) is an international, prospective observational study, in 73 intensive care units (ICUs) in 18 countries from 2018 to 2020. Neurocritical care patients with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤ 12, receiving IMV ≥ 24 h, undergoing extubation attempt or tracheostomy were included.

ESCAPE: An Open-Label Trial of Personalized Immunotherapy in Critically lll COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Macrophage activation-like syndrome (MALS) and complex immune dysregulation (CID) often underlie acute respiratory distress (ARDS) in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the effect of personalized immunotherapy on clinical improvement of critical COVID-19.

Methods: In this open-label prospective trial, 102 patients with ARDS by SARS-CoV-2 were screened for MALS (ferritin >4,420 ng/mL) and CID (ferritin ≤4,420 ng/mL and low human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on CD14-monocytes).

Evaluation of a 10color protocol as part of a 2tube screening panel for flow cytometric assessment of peripheral blood leukocytic subsets.

Peripheral blood (PB) immunophenotyping is commonly required for initial evaluation of various suspected disease entities. Several approaches have been proposed. The objective of this work is to explore the value of a 10color protocol developed in our laboratory for flow cytometric assessment of PB leukocytic subsets, as part of a 2tube screening panel.

Increase of circulating endocan over sepsis follow-up is associated with progression into organ dysfunction.

How circulating inflammatory mediators change upon sepsis progression has not been studied. We studied the follow-up changes of circulating vasoactive peptides and cytokines until the improvement or the worsening of a patient and progression into specific organ dysfunctions. In a prospective study, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFNγ), endocan and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were measured in serum by an enzyme immunoassay in 175 patients at baseline; this was repeated within 24 h upon progression into new organ dysfunction (n = 141) or improvement (n = 34).