Gender Differences at the Onset of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Children and Adolescents.

The incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) may vary with the beginning of reproductive function, although few reports differentiate the incidence before and during the onset of puberty, examining gender bias. We analyzed onset of ATD in a pediatric population to assess gender differences in onset age, disease subtype, pubertal status, autoimmune co-morbidity, family history and treatment, focusing on the interaction between gender and pubertal stage. We retrospectively recorded 382 children and adolescents with ATD.

[Endoscopic prosthetic treatment of the esophagojejunal leaks after total gastrectomy: clinical experience].

The Authors, on the basis of their experience on the use of self-expanding prostheses in abdominal surgery, report on the use of these prostheses in two patients who, having undergone a gastrectomy for cancer, developed a fistula of the esophago-jejunal anastomosis. Given recent data from literature, using a prosthesis for an anastomotic fistula may be a valid alternative to a second operation, which, apart from obvious difficulties, has a high mortality rate in patients in weakened general health conditions. In these cases, after the application of a stent, excellent results can be obtained and, after some days, the patients can begin a semi-liquid diet, then proceeding to a semi-solid diet, improving quality of life; in addition, within a reasonable time span, after the healing of the fistula, the prosthesis can easily be removed by endoscopy.