ChromEvol v.3: modeling rate heterogeneity in chromosome number evolution.

Changes in chromosome numbers are a prominent driver of plant evolution, impacting ecological diversification, stress tolerance, and phenotypes. ChromEvol is a widely used software tool for deciphering patterns of chromosome-number change along a phylogeny of interest. It evaluates the fit of alternative models to the data, estimates transition rates of different types of events, and infers the expected number of events along each branch of the phylogeny.

From propenolysis to enyne metathesis: tools for expedited assembly of 4,8-azaboranaphthalene and extended polycycles with embedded BN.

The synthesis of BN-containing molecules, which have an interesting isosteric relationship to their parent all-C cores, has drawn a great deal of attention as an avenue to alter and tune molecular function. Nevertheless, many cores with embedded BN are still hard to synthesize, and thus, further effort is required in this direction. Herein, we present an integrated approach to BN-containing polycycles rooted in an exceptionally clean B-N condensation of amines with a tri-allylborane.

Using ChromEvol to Determine the Mode of Chromosomal Evolution.

The ChromEvol software was the first to implement a likelihood-based approach, using probabilistic models that depict the pattern of chromosome number change along a specified phylogeny. The initial models have been completed and expanded during the last years. New parameters that model polyploid chromosome evolution have been implemented in ChromEvol v.

Cyclic Homo- and Heterohalogen Di-λ-diarylhalonium Structures.

In the context of the ever-growing interest in the cyclic diaryliodonium salts, this work presents synthetic design principles for a new family of structures with two hypervalent halogens in the ring. The smallest bis-phenylene derivative, [(CH)I], was prepared through oxidative dimerization of a precursor bearing the -disposed iodine and trifluoroborate groups. We also report, for the first time, the formation of cycles containing two different halogen atoms.