Right prefrontal activation predicts ADHD and its severity: A TMS-EEG study in young adults.

Objective: Here we bring a neurophysiological diagnostic tool, based on pathophysiologically-relevant brain region, that is critical for reducing the variability between clinicians, and necessary for quantitative measures of ADHD severity.

Methods: 54 healthy and 57 ADHD adults participated in the study. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded when combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right prefrontal cortex and also recorded during the Stop Signal task.

Alleviation of ADHD symptoms by non-invasive right prefrontal stimulation is correlated with EEG activity.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder with effective pharmacological treatment that benefits most patients. However, about one-third fail to benefit while others search non-pharmacological alternatives, and for those options are scarce. One alternative treatment option is to alter abnormal right prefrontal cortex (rPFC) activity, given that rPFC abnormality has been repeatedly implicated in ADHD neurophathology.

Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse.

Background: Smartphone usage is now integral to human behavior. Recent studies associate extensive usage with a range of debilitating effects. We sought to determine whether excessive usage is accompanied by measurable neural, cognitive and behavioral changes.

Monoclonal antibody against beta7 integrins, but not beta7 deficiency, attenuates intestinal allograft rejection in mice.

Background: beta7 integrins mediate homing and retention of lymphocytes to the normal and inflamed small bowel in a tissue-selective fashion. In the present study, we investigated the expression of beta7 integrins after small bowel transplantation (SBT) and tested the effects of blocking beta7-mediated pathways by using monoclonal antibody (mAb) or knockout mice.

Methods: Heterotopic SBT from BALB/c to C57BL/6 (B6) was used as a surgical model.