Hyperglycaemia perturbs blood-brain barrier integrity through its effects on endothelial cell characteristics and function.

Breakdown of blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a key pathology in hyperglycemia-mediated cerebrovascular damage after an ischemic stroke. As changes in the level and nature of vasoactive agents released by endothelial cells (ECs) may contribute to BBB dysfunction, this study first explored the specific impact of hyperglycemia on EC characteristics and secretome. It then assessed whether secretome obtained from ECs subjected to normoglycaemia or hyperglycemia might regulate pericytic cytokine profile differently.

The Role of Stem Cells as Therapeutics for Ischaemic Stroke.

Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current reperfusion treatments for ischaemic stroke are limited due to their narrow therapeutic window in rescuing ischaemic penumbra. Stem cell therapy offers a promising alternative.

An analysis of breakthrough seizures and related factors in paediatric epilepsy patients.

Objective: To determine the frequency of breakthrough seizures among paediatric patients suffering from epilepsy, and factors related to the precipitation of these seizures.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1, 2018, to July 1, 2020, at the Combined Military Hospital Lahore and the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised children of either gender aged 2-12 years diagnosed with any type of epilepsy presenting at the children outpatient department. Diagnosis of epilepsy was established by either a consultant adult neurophysician or a consultant paediatrician.

Enhanced degradation of hydrocarbons in constructed wetlands aided with nutrients, surfactant, and aeration.

The use of constructed wetlands (CWs) is a promising approach for the remediation of hydrocarbon-polluted wastewater. The amendments of CWs with nutrients, surfactants, and aeration enhances the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The objective of the present study was to explore the effect of external stimulants, i.

Psychiatric morbidity among informal caregivers of children suffering from intellectual developmental disorders.

Objective: To assess the presence of psychiatric morbidity and associated socio-demographic factors among informal caregivers of children suffering from intellectual developmental disorders.

Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neurology Department of a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, and comprised informal caregiver of children diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorders presenting at the paediatric or neurology outpatient clinics of the hospital. Intellectual developmental disorder was diagnosed by consultant neurologists or psychiatrists or paediatricians on the basis of International Classification of Diseases-11 criteria.