Peripuberty Is a Sensitive Period for Prefrontal Parvalbumin Interneuron Activity to Impact Adult Cognitive Flexibility.

Introduction: Developmental windows in which experiences can elicit long-lasting effects on brain circuitry and behavior are called "sensitive periods" and reflect a state of heightened plasticity. The classic example of a sensitive period comes from studies of sensory systems, like the visual system, where early visual experience is required for normal wiring of primary visual cortex and proper visual functioning. At a mechanistic level, loss of incoming visual input results in a decrease in activity in thalamocortical neurons representing the affected eye, resulting in an activity-dependent reduction in the representation of those inputs in the visual cortex and loss of visual perception in that eye.

Chronic subperiosteal hematic cyst formation twelve years after orbital fracture repair with alloplastic orbital floor implant.

An 89-year-old female patient with a history of a left orbital floor fracture repair with synthetic implant 12 years prior, presented with a three-week history of blurry vision, inferior conjunctival chemosis and proptosis of the left eye. CT scan revealed a well-circumscribed subperiosteal lesion with superior elevation of the orbital floor implant. The patient underwent transconjunctival orbital surgery with removal of the implant and drainage of the subperiosteal hemorrhagic cyst.

The lateral canthus in cosmetic surgery.

Normally contoured eyelid fissures will enhance the appearance of patients who undergo cosmetic eyelid surgery. The shape and integrity of the lateral canthal structures frequently affect the configuration of the eyelid fissure. Undetected canthal abnormalities may lead to untoward postoperative functional and cosmetic results.

Tarsal switch procedure for the surgical rehabilitation of the eyelid and socket deficiencies of the anophthalmic socket.

Purpose: To describe a tarsal transfer procedure, which we have named the "tarsal switch," to correct the eyelid malpositions and camouflage the socket defects of acquired anophthalmos.

Methods: The technique consists of an upper eyelid tarsectomy, with transfer of the autologous tarsoconjunctival graft to the posterior lamella of the lower eyelid.

Results: The operation was performed in 21 anophthalmic patients.