The significance of BAP1 and MTAP/CDKN2A expression in well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour: a series of 21 cases and a review of the literature.

The nomenclature and diagnostic criteria of well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour (WDPMT) have been changed in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of thoracic tumours, and a new entity, mesothelioma in situ (MIS), introduced. Histologically these two entities may be similar. However, MIS is regarded as a precursor to invasive mesothelioma and requires demonstration of loss of BAP1 and/or MTAP/CDKN2A for diagnosis, whereas performance of these ancillary tests is desirable but not essential for a diagnosis of WDPMT, in which the significance of BAP1 and/or MTAP/CDKN2A loss is not well understood or well defined.

Abatacept increases T cell exhaustion in early RA individuals who carry HLA risk alleles.

Exhausted CD8 T cells (T) are associated with worse outcome in cancer yet better outcome in autoimmunity. Building on our past findings of increased TIGITKLRG1 T with teplizumab therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D), in the absence of treatment we found that the frequency of TIGITKLRG1 T is stable within an individual but differs across individuals in both T1D and healthy control (HC) cohorts. This TIGITKLRG1 CD8 T population shares an exhaustion-associated EOMES gene signature in HC, T1D, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and cancer subjects, expresses multiple inhibitory receptors, and is hyporesponsive , together suggesting co-expression of TIGIT and KLRG1 may broadly define human peripheral exhausted cells.

Establishing mesothelioma patient-derived organoid models from malignant pleural effusions.

Objectives: Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer arising in the cells that line the lungs and chest wall with poor survival and poor response to first-line therapy. Organoid models of cancer can faithfully recapitulate the genetic and histopathological characteristics of individualized tumors and have potential to be used for precision medicine, however methods of establishing patient-derived mesothelioma organoids have not been well established in the published literature.

Materials And Methods: Long-term mesothelioma patient-derived organoids were established from ten malignant pleural effusion fluids.

Immune-related adverse events after immune check point inhibitors: Understanding the intersection with autoimmunity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies act through blockade of inhibitory molecules involved in the regulation of T cells, thus releasing tumor specific T cells to destroy their tumor targets. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can also lead to a breach in self-tolerance resulting in immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that include tissue-specific autoimmunity. This review addresses the question of whether the mechanisms that drive ICI-induced irAEs are shared or distinct with those driving spontaneous autoimmunity, focusing on ICI-induced diabetes, ICI-induced arthritis, and ICI-induced thyroiditis due to the wealth of knowledge about the development of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Structural-functional connectivity bandwidth predicts processing speed in mild traumatic brain Injury: A multiplex network analysis.

An emerging body of work has revealed alterations in structural (SC) and functional (FC) brain connectivity following mild TBI (mTBI), with mixed findings. However, these studies seldom integrate complimentary neuroimaging modalities within a unified framework. Multilayer network analysis is an emerging technique to uncover how white matter organization enables functional communication.